The third important phenomenon that affects wave propagation is scattering.
Scattering results from what are, effectively, elastic collisions between the photons of the
incident beam and particles or heterogeneities in the material, causing the photons to be
deflected, or scattered, so that they propagate in some new direction. Scattering subtracts
intensity from the transmitted wave and contributes to its attenuation. The material
property that governs scattering is called the scattering coefficient, S. A wave that is
transmitted through a medium with scattering coefficient, S, is attenuated according to
the relation
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